AMEND EDUCATION ACADEMY Class 10 CIVICS gender religion and caste Extra questions

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·         Short Answer Type Questions:

·         Q1. Explain the factors responsible for low female literacy rate.

·         Ans. (1)Indian society is basically a patriarchal society where boys are given preference over the girls.

·                 (2)The parents do not expense equally for both boys and girls. Boys are given more attention.

·                 (3)It is a prevailing stereotype for women that even after getting well education, they have to do household jobs.

·         Q2. What do you mean by secular state ? Give any two provisions that make India a secular state ?

·         Ans. A nation or state which keeps itself equidistant from different religious issues, and does not give protection to a particular religion.

·                 (1) India is a country of diverse religions. It was the religions on the basis of which India was divided. Unlike Pakistan Buddhism in Sri Lanka. Christianity in England.

·                 (2) The constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess practice and propagate any religion.

·         Q3. In which country was the “Civil Rights Movement” Started? Name any leaders related to this movement? Why did he start this movement?

·         Ans. America, Martin Luther King. The purpose of this movement was to give end to the racial discrimination being practiced against the Afro- Americans.

·         Q4. What do you mean by gender division? How is it linked with division of Labour in most of the societies?

·         Ans. Gender division simply refers to the division of work between the men and the women. Some work especially the households such as cooking, washing, cleaning, etc. are exclusively meant for the women while the man have some other defined areas of work.

·           (1) The gender division between the men and women does not mean that men cannot do household works. They simply think that it is for women to attend the household works. 

·           (2) The gender division also doesn’t mean that women do not work outside their home.

·         Q5. Give three ill-effects of communalism in the society.

·         Ans. (1) A communal thought always tends to establish political dominance offer particular religious community.

·                (2) The country weakens when political parties are formed and political activities are conducted on the communal lines.

·                (3) One of the most ugly face of communalism emerges out in the form of riots, violence and homicides.

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• Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.
  Answer: Some of the examples of discrimination against women are as follows:
• The literacy rate among women is only 54 per cent compared with 76 per cent among men.
• The percentage of women in highly paid jobs is still very small. At many workplaces, women are paid less than men for the same job. An Indian woman usually works more hour than an average man on a daily basis.
• Many Indian parents prefer to have a male child. A girl child is killed before her birth in many cases. This has led to an eschewed sex ratio in India.
• There are many reports of harassment against women; both on the domestic front and outside the home.
• State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
  Answer: Many people think of their religion as superior to all other religions. Such people often try to dominate the people from other communities. This can result in people from the minority community to form a separate political unit. In countries; like Sri Lanka, Nepal and Pakistan; a particular religion is the official religion and this practice is propagating majority tyranny.

Sometimes, sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal, etc. are used to instill a sense of fear among people of a particular community. This is done with an attempt to polarize people on communal lines. Many news articles appear related to fanning communal tension from time to time.

• State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
  Answer: Economic inequalities exist on the basis of caste. The upper caste people are usually well off, the backward classes come in between and the dalits and adivasis are at the bottom. The percentage of people below poverty line is much higher among the lowest castes.
• State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.
  Answer: If a particular constituency has a particular caste in significant number, then most of the political parties try to field their candidate from that caste. Votes from that caste then get divided along different political affiliations. There are many instances when a sitting legislator loses election in spite of the caste equation in favour of him. Most of the political parties focus on a combination of many castes rather than on a single caste; in order to strike a winning arithmetic. These things suggest that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.
• What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?
  Answer: Women’s reservation is very poor in Parliament and state legislatures. Number of women legislatures is not more than 10%. However, the number of women representatives in local governing bodies has increased because of 33% reservation. At present, there are about 10 lakh women in local bodies.
• Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
  Answer: The Constitution of India declares that India is a secular state. Unlike some of the neighbouring countries, there is no official religion for the Indian state.

The constitution gives the people the freedom to practice a religion of their choice. The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.