Nationalism in India Important Extra Questions

AMEND EDUCATION ACADEMY

Nationalism in India

01. Name the main Satyagraha movement organised by Mahatma Gandhi successfully in favour of peasants in 1916 and 1917.
Ans. In Champaran Bihar (1916) to inspire peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system and in 1917 in Kheda district of Gujarat to support the peasants affected by crop failure in their demand for relaxation in revenue collection.

02. What was the period of the (a) Non-Cooperation Movement and (b) the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Ans. (a) 1920 to 1922
        (b) 1930 to 1934
03. What was the motion of Swaraj for plantation workers in Assam?
Ans. See answer of Q-1.
04. Where, when and Why did Gandhiji organise his first Satyagraha Movement in India?
Ans. Gandhiji organised his first Satyagraha Movement in Champaram in 1916, to inspire peaseants to Struggle against the oppressive plantation system.
05. Where, When and Why in Gujarat did Gandhiji organise a Satyagraha?
Ans. Gandhiji organised a Satyagraha in Kheda district of Gujarat in 1917, to support the peasants affected by crop failure and plague epidemic in their demand for relaxation in revenue collection.
06. When and for whom did Gandhiji Organise a movement in Ahmedabad?
Ans. Gandhiji oranised a Satygraha Movement for Cotton mill workers in 1918, in Ahmedabad.
07. When was the Indian National Congress founded?
Ans. The INC was formed in 1885.
08. Name three leaders of the early phase of the Congress (Moderate leaders).
Ans. (1) Dadabhai Naroji. (2) Surendranath Banerjee. (3) Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
09. What is meant by Bal, Pal, Lal?
Ans. Bal Pal Lal is the Short form for the three extremist leaders Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai.
10. Who assumed the leadership of the national movement in 1919?
Ans. Mahandas Karamchand Gandi (M.K. Gandhi).
11. Give the Greatest achievement of Gandiji in the social field.
Ans. The greatest achievement of Gandhiji among other in the Social field was to start a campaign aganist the inhuman practice of untouchability.
12. When the where did the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy take place? Name the person instrumental in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
Ans. The Jallianwala Bagh tragedy took place in Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, on April 13, 1919 (day of Baisakhi)
General Dyer.
13. Next to Gandhi who was the central figure in the new phase of nationalism?
Ans. Jawaharlal Nehru.
14. From where and when did Mahatma Gandhi return to India?
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in January 1915.
15. What and why was the strategy developed by Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa was called 'Satyagraha'.
Ans. It was a novel method of mass adritation to fight the racist regime.
16. What is the characteristic feature of the idea of satyagraha?
Ans. The characteristic feature of the idea of satyagraha is, it emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth, It was dharma of non-violence.
17. Why did Gandhi support the Khilafat issue?
Ans. Gandhiji supported the Khilafat issue because in it he saw an opportunity to bring Muslims under the Umbrella of a unified national movement.
18. Which two leaders advocated the adoption of Socialist ideas?
Ans. (1) Jawaharlal Nehru, and
        (2) Subhash Chandra Bose
19. When were the elections of the Provincial Legislative Councils held after this passage of the Government of India Act of 1935?
Ans. In 1937.
20. When was the the Muslim League founded?
Ans. In 1906.

Q. Write a newspaper report on

(a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre.  Ans. April 13, 1919 will be a date never forgotten by Indians — those who were present and those who will come later. Generations will talk about the infamous, brutal massacre at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. Hundreds of villagers had come to Amritsar to celebrate Baisakhi and attend a fair. They were totally unaware of the martial law, which General Dyer had imposed on the city because of the ‘hartal’ observed on April 6 against the Rowlatt Act. On 10 April the police had fired upon a peaceful procession, which had provoked widespread attacks on banks, post offices and railway stations.

General Dyer entered the area where a peaceful meeting was going on in Jallianwalla Bagh. He blocked all the exit points and ordered his troops to fire upon the unarmed people. His object was to create terror and awe in the minds of the satyagrahis and produce a “moral effect”. Hundreds of innocent people were killed, some were drowned as they jumped into a well to escape bullets.

The mass murder was not enough; the government used brutal repression to crush people who rose in anger after this massacre. The satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses in the dirt, crawl on the streets and “Salaam” all “Sahibs”. People were mercilessly flogged and in some villages bombs were also used (Gujranwala in Punjab). It was the most shameful act in the history of British rule in India.

(b) The Simon Commission. Ans. In 1927, the British Government appointed a seven-member commission under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon. It was to report about the extent to which the Act of 1919 had worked out  successfully. It was to examine the functioning of the constitutional system in India. This Commission was boycotted by the Indians as it had not a single Indian member.

It was welcomed with black flags and slogans of “Simon go back” when it landed in India. At Lahore, a procession taken out under the leadership of Lala Lajpat Rai was lathi-charged and he was fatally wounded in 1928.

The Simon Commission led to Jawaharlal Nehru demanding “Poorna Swaraj” at the Lahore Session of the Congress. The Nehru Report was also a reaction to this Commission and it gave Gandhiji an opportunity to start his Civil Disobedience Movement in India.

Question .What do you mean by Ilbert Bill? State its significance in the growth of Indian Nationalism?
Answer : Law member Mr. Ilbert in the government of Lord Ripon proposed the Ilbert Bill to aim at removing discrimination against Indian judges and magistrate who were not allowed to try whiteman for any crime.
Due to strong agitation by white and Anglo-Indian community, the bill was dropped. This opened the eye of Indians who realized the importance of organized agitation and very soon they set up Indian National Congress.